Constitution and Bylaws. The State shall, by law, and for the common good, undertake, in cooperation with the public sector, a continuing program of urban land reform and housing which will make available at affordable cost decent housing and basic services to underprivileged and homeless citizens in urban centers and resettlements areas. Such rules shall provide a simplified and inexpensive procedure for the speedy disposition of cases, shall be uniform for all courts of the same grade, and shall not diminish, increase, or modify substantive rights. SECTION 8. SECTION 17. SECTION 26. Constitution is a very important . Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives. SECTION 2. SECTION 20. No elective or appointive public officer or employee shall receive additional, double, or indirect compensation, unless specifically authorized by law, nor accept without the consent of the Congress, any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind from any foreign government. (6) Discretionary funds appropriated for particular officials shall be disbursed only for public purposes to be supported by appropriate vouchers and subject to such guidelines as may be prescribed by law. In no case shall any Member be appointed or designated in a temporary or acting capacity. There is hereby created the independent Office of the Ombudsman, composed of the Ombudsman to be known as Tanodbayan, one overall Deputy and at least one Deputy each for Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Table of content. A state of martial law does not suspend the operation of the Constitution, nor supplant the functioning of the civil courts or legislative assemblies, nor authorize the conferment of jurisdiction on military courts and agencies over civilians where civil courts are able to function, nor automatically suspend the privilege of the writ. SECTION 6. SECTION 3. SECTION 7. All public officers and employees shall take an oath or affirmation to uphold and defend this Constitution. No person shall be a Senator unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, and, on the day of the election, is at least thirty-five years of age, able to read and write, a registered voter, and a resident of the Philippines for not less than two years immediately preceding the day of the election. SECTION 1. SECTION 7. The President, Vice-President, the Members of the Cabinet, and their deputies or assistants shall not, unless otherwise provided in this Constitution, hold any other office or employment during their tenure. A certification to this effect signed by the Chief Justice shall be issued and a copy thereof attached to the record of the case and served upon the parties. Section 1. Until the Congress provides otherwise, the National Economic and Development Authority shall function as the independent planning agency of the government. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. SECTION 21. SECTION 17. SECTION 10. Francisco Macías has previously written about how the constitution also applied in Mexico. No Senator or Member of the House of Representatives may personally appear as counsel before any court of justice or before the Electoral Tribunals, or quasi-judicial and other administrative bodies. Picture1. In 1812, in the middle of the occupation of almost all of the Iberian peninsula by the French army, a group of around 300 deputies from Spain, Spanish America, and the Philippines promulgated a liberal constitution in the Mediterranean port of Cádiz (this was possible to a large extent because the city was protected by the British Navy). SECTION 5. Information on foreign loans obtained or guaranteed by the Government shall be made available to the public. Evolution of. The 1943 Constitution. The Ombudsman and his Deputies shall be natural-born citizens of the Philippines, and at the time of their appointment, at least forty years old, of recognized probity and independence, and members of the Philippine Bar, and must not have been candidates for any elective office in the immediately preceding election. Last. All powers, functions, and responsibilities not granted by this Constitution or by law to the autonomous regions shall be vested in the National Government. Unless otherwise allowed by law or by the primary functions of his position, no appointive official shall hold any other office or employment in the Government or any subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations or their subsidiaries. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to schools established for foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents and, unless otherwise provided by law, for other foreign temporary residents. THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES - ARTICLE II | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. 1973. The Congress may establish an independent economic and planning agency headed by the President, which shall, after consultations with the appropriate public agencies, various private sectors, and local government units, recommend to Congress, and implement continuing integrated and coordinated programs and policies for national development. (c) All cases in which the jurisdiction of any lower court is in issue. The six-year term of the incumbent President and Vice-President elected in the February 7, 1986 election is, for purposes of synchronization of elections, hereby extended to noon of June 30, 1992. SECTION 16. Fishworkers shall receive a just share from their labor in the utilization of marine and fishing resources. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption. Until otherwise provided by the Congress, the President may constitute the Metropolitan Authority to be composed of the heads of all local government units comprising the Metropolitan Manila area. Next Page. (1) No person shall be appointed Member of the Supreme Court or any lower collegiate court unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines. 1 of the Constitution assigns the Philippines as a "democratic and republican state." The word democratic, consistent to the document's roots, is a "monument to 'people power . The Congress, voting jointly, by a vote of at least a majority of all its Members in regular or special session, may revoke such proclamation or suspension, which revocation shall not be set aside by the President. endobj The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable . Declaration of Principles and State Policies. The Commission on Elections shall exercise the following powers and functions: (1) Enforce and administer all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of an election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, and recall. SECTION 14. SECTION 1. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines; 3. Neither shall any such franchise or right be granted except under the condition that it shall be subject to amendment, alteration, or repeal by the Congress when the common good so requires. Each . SECTION 5. The sequestration or freeze order is deemed automatically lifted if no judicial action or proceeding is commenced as herein provided. A case or matter is deemed submitted for decision or resolution upon the filing of the last pleading, brief, or memorandum required by the rules of the Commission or by the Commission itself. The vote of each Member shall be recorded. The Congress shall promulgate its rules for the canvassing of the certificates. . SECTION 21. Science and technology are essential for national development and progress. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments. SECTION 2. Each House shall also keep a Record of its proceedings. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the President of the Senate shall, not later than thirty days after the day of the election, open all certificates in the presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives in joint public session, and the Congress, upon determination of the authenticity and due execution thereof in the manner provided by law, canvass the votes. The armed forces shall be insulated from partisan politics. The Constitutional Commissions, which shall be independent, are the Civil Service Commission, the Commission on Elections, and the Commission on Audit. (3) Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members, suspend or expel a Member. 3 dated March 25, 1986 and the reorganization following the ratification of this Constitution shall be entitled to appropriate separation pay and to retirement and other benefits accruing to them under the laws of general application in force at the time of their separation. The State shall regulate and exercise authority over foreign investments within its national jurisdiction and in accordance with its national goals and priorities. The authority to issue sequestration or freeze orders under Proclamation No. The Armed Forces of the Philippines shall be composed of a citizen armed force which shall undergo military training and serve, as may be provided by law. SECTION 31. SECTION 12. But what changes does the 1987 Constitution actually need? The Congress shall, upon recommendation of the economic and planning agency, when the national interest dictates, reserve to citizens of the Philippines or to corporations or associations at least sixty per centum of whose capital is owned by such citizens, or such higher percentage as Congress may prescribe, certain areas of investments. (6) Publicize matters covered by its investigation when circumstances so warrant and with due prudence. The power of Judicial Review and the Bill of Rights in the Constitution The important role of judicial review in the Philippine constitutional or legal system cannot be overemphasized. Such law shall take effect only upon its ratification by the people in a national referendum. The bill calling such special election shall be deemed certified under paragraph 2, Section 26, Article VI of this Constitution and shall become law upon its approval on third reading by the Congress. The protection shall extend to offshore fishing grounds of subsistence fishermen against foreign intrusion. The State shall provide the policy environment for the full development of Filipino capability and the emergence of communication structures suitable to the needs and aspirations of the nation and the balanced flow of information into, out of, and across the country, in accordance with a policy that respects the freedom of speech and of the press. 1943. 1973 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES. Any amendment under Section 2 hereof shall be valid when ratified by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite which shall be held not earlier than sixty days nor later than ninety days after the certification by the Commission on Elections of the sufficiency of the petition. (3) A Member of the Judiciary must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence. SECTION 29. <> The Congress shall, at ten o’clock in the morning of the third day after the vacancy in the offices of the President and Vice-President occurs, convene in accordance with its rules without need of a call and within seven days enact a law calling for a special election to elect a President and a Vice-President to be held not earlier than forty-five days nor later than sixty days from the time of such call. We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution. SECTION 13. The President shall exercise general supervision over autonomous regions to ensure that the laws are faithfully executed. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. The Congress shall establish an independent central monetary authority, the members of whose governing board must be natural-born Filipino citizens, of known probity, integrity, and patriotism, the majority of whom shall come from the private sector. No Senator shall serve for more than two consecutive terms. In case of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it, he may, for a period not exceeding sixty days, suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus or place the Philippines or any part thereof under martial law. SECTION 21. The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines Preamble Article I - National Territory The national territory comprises the Philippines Archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its, terrestrial, fluvial, and . Financial contributions from foreign governments and their agencies to political parties, organizations, coalitions, or candidates related to elections constitute interference in national affairs, and, when accepted, shall be an additional ground for the cancellation of their registration with the Commission, in addition to other penalties that may be prescribed by law. SECTION 9. @�2��d�i�6J��1Y�1ta�@��I����]�-�H�^�5�p68H&]ĬĻc#�d\��T��K�;k��NfuR���:c�v3���ۙ /�� �S��=�����;R&¾�.�8Y ~EָtT5���%s�cT:땙���$9�J8� �Ic@H��\`㘲cK��B�L��YEz�h-8��v($U�d!����^�r@o:�#���|�Q�´���L�1��͆E�0M�q�U[����~�A� 251. The President shall be the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Philippines and whenever it becomes necessary, he may call out such armed forces to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion. The Congress may provide for other cases of violations of human rights that should fall within the authority of the Commission, taking into account its recommendations. 3. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Full text of 1987, 1973, 1935 and 1899 Constitutions of the Republic of the Philippines. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. SECTION 15. Public office is a public trust. The Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of other officers lower in rank in the President alone, in the courts, or in the heads of departments, agencies, commissions, or boards. The present Constitution of the Philippines: Aquino on October 15, 1986. 1899 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES (MALOLOS CONVENTION) The President of the Council, Apolinario Mabini. SECTION 2. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. (1) There shall be a Commission on Audit composed of a Chairman and two Commissioners, who shall be natural-born citizens of the Philippines and, at the time of their appointment, at least thirty-five years of age, certified public accountants with not less than ten years of auditing experience, or members of the Philippine Bar who have been engaged in the practice of law for at least ten years, and must not have been candidates for any elective position in the elections immediately preceding their appointment. The name of the Church is UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST IN THE PHILIPPINES, referred to as "UCCP" or "Church" whenever appropriate. (1) The Congress may not increase the appropriations recommended by the President for the operation of the Government as specified in the budget. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. The Supreme Court may review, in an appropriate proceeding filed by any citizen, the sufficiency of the factual basis of the proclamation of martial law or the suspension of the privilege of the writ or the extension thereof, and must promulgate its decision thereon within thirty days from its filing. (Present Constitution) 1986 Provisional "Freedom" Constitution. The salaries of Senators and Members of the House of Representatives shall be determined by law. (2) The Commission shall be composed of a Chairman and four Members who must be natural-born citizens of the Philippines and a majority of whom shall be members of the Bar. 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